Understanding PowerShell Execution Policies: A Simple Guide

 

Understanding PowerShell Execution Policies: A Simple Guide

PowerShell is a powerful tool in Windows that allows users to automate tasks, run scripts, and manage system settings. However, to prevent unauthorized or harmful scripts from running, Windows uses execution policies to control what scripts can be executed.

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What is Get-ExecutionPolicy?

The Get-ExecutionPolicy command is used to check the current execution policy of PowerShell.

🔹 How to check the policy?
Simply open PowerShell and type:

Get-ExecutionPolicy

This will display the current policy, which could be one of the following:

Execution Policy	Meaning
Restricted	No scripts are allowed to run (default for some Windows versions).
RemoteSigned	Only scripts created locally can run; downloaded scripts must be signed.
Unrestricted	All scripts can run, but warnings appear for downloaded ones.
Bypass	No restrictions—any script runs without warnings.
AllSigned	Only scripts signed by a trusted publisher can run.

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What is Set-ExecutionPolicy?

The Set-ExecutionPolicy command allows users to change the execution policy to enable or restrict running scripts.

🔹 How to change the policy?
For example, to allow locally created scripts but block unsigned external scripts, use:

Set-ExecutionPolicy RemoteSigned -Scope CurrentUser

This applies the RemoteSigned policy only to the current user.

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Important Notes

✅ Security First: Be cautious when setting a less restrictive policy (e.g., Unrestricted or Bypass) as it can allow malicious scripts.
✅ Admin Access Required: Changing the execution policy for all users requires running PowerShell as an administrator.
✅ Temporary Change: To bypass restrictions for a single session, run PowerShell with -ExecutionPolicy Bypass, like this:

powershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass

This will reset when you close PowerShell.

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How to Reset to Default?

If you ever want to reset PowerShell to its default settings, run:

Set-ExecutionPolicy Restricted -Scope LocalMachine

or

Set-ExecutionPolicy Undefined -Scope LocalMachine

This restores the system’s default execution policy.

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Conclusion

PowerShell’s execution policies help protect your system by controlling which scripts can run. Use Get-ExecutionPolicy to check your current policy and Set-ExecutionPolicy to modify it as needed. Always choose the right setting for your needs while keeping security in mind!

फर्जी क्रेडिट मैसेज फ्रॉड

 

फर्जी क्रेडिट मैसेज फ्रॉड

साइबर ठगों द्वारा फ्रॉड का यह तरीका आजकल सबसे ज्यादा इस्तेमाल किया जा रहा है। इस जालसाजी में ठग आपके मोबाइल पर कॉल करता है और कहता है कि मैं आपका रिश्तेदार बोल रहा हूं या आपके पिता का मित्र बोल रहा हूं। वह कहता है कि मैंने आपके पिता से 2000 रुपये लिए थे। उनसे बात हो गई है, उन्होंने कहा है कि आप इस नंबर पर भेज दें। वह आपको बैंकिंग जानकारी देने को कहता है। फिर वह 2000 की जगह बीस हजार रुपये क्रेडिट होने का फर्जी टेक्स्ट भेजता है। फिर दूसरा फोन आता है और कहता है कि गलती से एक जीरो बढ़ गया है और आपके खाते में बीस हजार रुपये चले गए हैं। मुझे जल्दी दवा लेनी है, आप 18000 रुपये जल्दी से वापस कर दीजिए। आप उस मैसेज को सही समझते हैं, मानते हैं कि पैसे आपके खाते में आ गए हैं और तुरंत पैसे भेज देते हैं, बिना खाता चेक किए। कई बार ठग आपके किसी मित्र या रिश्तेदार का नाम लेकर टेक्स्ट भेजता है और कहता है कि मुझे पैसे भेजने थे, मैंने भेज दिए हैं। आप उसे सही समझते हैं और पैसे भेज देते हैं। आवाज भी जानी-पहचानी सी लगती है, जिससे आप विश्वास कर लेते हैं, लेकिन बाद में आपको ठगी का एहसास होता है। कई बार ठग आपके सोशल मीडिया से जानकारी लेकर रिश्तेदार या मित्र का नाम ले लेते हैं। ऐसे में पैसे भेजने से पहले आपको अन्य माध्यमों से पुष्टि करनी चाहिए।

Difference between kind and type in windows search : Windows Search, kind and type

In Windows Search, kind and type are two different properties used to categorize and filter files. Here’s how they differ:

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1. Kind (Broad Category)

• Refers to a general classification of files based on their purpose or content.
• Helps in searching for files by category, regardless of their specific file format.

Examples:

Search Query	Result (Files Found)
kind:document	.docx, .pdf, .txt, .pptx, .xlsx
kind:music	.mp3, .wav, .flac, .aac
kind:video	.mp4, .avi, .mkv, .mov
kind:image	.jpg, .png, .gif, .bmp
kind:email	Outlook emails (.msg, .eml)

✅ Use Case: If you want to find any kind of document, you can just search kind:document instead of remembering all possible file extensions.

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2. Type (Specific File Format)

• Refers to the exact file format or extension of a file.
• Helps in searching for specific file types rather than broad categories.

Examples:

Search Query	Result (Files Found)
type:pdf	Only .pdf files
type:docx	Only Word documents
type:mp3	Only .mp3 audio files
type:xlsx	Only Excel spreadsheets
type:jpg	Only .jpg image files

✅ Use Case: If you specifically need only PDF files, you can use type:pdf instead of kind:document, which would show all types of documents.

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Key Differences in Windows Search

Feature	Kind	Type
Definition	Broad category of files	Specific file format
Example Query	kind:music	type:mp3
Search Scope	Finds all related file types	Finds only one specific format
Use Case	Searching for a general category of files	Searching for an exact file type

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Final Example: Combining Both

You can combine kind and type for better search results.

🔹 Find all Word documents:
👉 kind:document type:docx

🔹 Find all images, but only PNG files:
👉 kind:image type:png

🔹 Find all videos, but only MP4 files:
👉 kind:video type:mp4

 

Some advanced Windows Search tips and tricks to help you find files more efficiently:

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1. Basic Search Operators

Operator	Function	Example
" (Quotes)	Exact phrase search	"project report" (Finds files with this exact phrase)
OR	Find either one or another	report OR summary (Finds files with either word)
NOT	Exclude specific words	invoice NOT 2023 (Finds invoices but excludes 2023 ones)
* (Asterisk)	Wildcard for unknown characters	report*.docx (Finds all files starting with "report")
?	Wildcard for a single unknown character	f?le.txt (Finds file.txt, f1le.txt, etc.)

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2. Search by File Properties

Windows lets you search using specific properties like size, date modified, and author.

Property	Example Query	Result
Date modified	datemodified:>01/01/2024	Finds files modified after Jan 1, 2024
Size	size:>10MB	Finds files larger than 10MB
Author	author:John	Finds files created by John
Title	title:budget	Finds files with "budget" in their title
Folder Path	folder:C:\Projects	Searches only in C:\Projects

✅ Example: datemodified:lastweek kind:document
(Finds all documents modified last week)

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3. Searching by File Extension

Use ext: to find specific file types.

Query	Finds
ext:pdf	All PDF files
ext:jpg OR ext:png	All JPG and PNG images
ext:mp4 kind:video	Only MP4 videos
ext:zip size:>50MB	ZIP files larger than 50MB

✅ Example: kind:document ext:docx OR ext:pdf
(Finds all Word and PDF documents)

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4. Advanced Date and Time Search

Use specific date filters:

Query	Finds
datemodified:today	Files modified today
datemodified:thisweek	Files modified this week
datemodified:lastmonth	Files modified last month
datecreated:>01/01/2023	Files created after Jan 1, 2023

✅ Example: datemodified:>01/01/2024 kind:spreadsheet
(Finds all spreadsheets modified after Jan 1, 2024)

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5. Searching for Emails & Contacts (Outlook)

If you're using Outlook and have indexed emails, you can search:

Query	Finds
kind:email	All emails
kind:email from:john	Emails from John
kind:email subject:meeting	Emails with "meeting" in the subject
kind:contact	All saved contacts

✅ Example: kind:email from:manager subject:report
(Finds all emails from Manager with "report" in the subject)

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6. Combining Multiple Filters

You can mix multiple search filters for precision.

🔹 Find Word and PDF files modified in the last month:
👉 kind:document (ext:docx OR ext:pdf) datemodified:lastmonth

🔹 Find images larger than 5MB taken this year:
👉 kind:picture size:>5MB datecreated:2024

🔹 Find emails from a specific sender with an attachment:
👉 kind:email from:John has:attachment

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7. Using File Explorer's Search Tools

When searching in File Explorer, you can refine your search using the Search Tools tab:

• Date modified → Filter by date
• Size → Small, Medium, Large, Huge
• Kind → Document, Picture, Music, Video
• Other properties → Tags, Authors, etc.

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8. Using Search Indexing for Faster Results

Windows Search Indexing improves speed by pre-scanning files. To manage it:

1. Open Control Panel → Search for Indexing Options.
2. Click Modify and choose which folders to index.
3. Ensure important folders (e.g., Documents, Desktop) are indexed.
4. Click Advanced → Rebuild index (if search is slow).

✅ Tip: If you frequently search emails, add your Outlook PST file to the index.

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Final Thoughts

• Use kind: for broad categories.
• Use ext: for specific file extensions.
• Combine size:, datecreated:, and author: for better filtering.
• Enable Search Indexing for faster results.